Furthermore, and most importantly perhaps, a recent study of individuals suffering from autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS-1; a genetic disease caused by defects in the AIRE gene leading to production of autoantibodies targeting type I IFNs) showed that high levels of neutralizing anti-IFN autoantibodies are associated with herpesvirus (VZV) reactivation and severe clinical outcomes [36]. Here, AIRE is linked to hereditary disease.