These studies were validated in primary MDS specimens where RU.521 treatment significantly reduced IRF3 phosphorylation (Figure 3B), with corresponding suppression of IFNB1, CXCL10, and SAMD9L gene messages in primary MDS specimens (IFNB1, P = 0.0651; CXCL10, P = 0.0367; SAMD9L, P = 0.0073) (Figure 3C). Here, CXCL10 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.