A diverse array of plasma biomarkers [53], including indices of T-cell activation [34, 54, 55], soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I (sTNFR-I), sTNFR-II, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [52, 56] are elevated in untreated HIV infection and often remain elevated among ART-treated adults who are fully virologically suppressed [34, 37, 47, 57, 58]. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and HIV infectious disease.