In 2007, a seminal study by O'Connor et al. showed that laboratory assays expressing MOG in its tridimensional conformational form (rather than linear epitopes targeted on denaturated proteins as with other assays) identified a sub-set of conformation-sensitive MOG-IgG in patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or optic neuritis, but not in patients with MS (2). The gene discussed is MOG; the disease is optic neuritis.