However, these effects were abolished by silencing or knockdown of IQGAP3, silencing Smad3, or treatment with the TGF-β inhibitor SB431542 indicating the important role of the TGF-β signaling pathway in the promotion of IQGAP3-induced invasion and metastasis in HCC (22). Here, TGFB1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.