But studies in various cancers, including GBM, showed that overexpression of PKC contributes to tumor pathogenesis and seems to be involved in EGFR, PI3K/Akt, Ras/MEK/MAPK, hedgehog, and TNFα signaling, which are deregulated in GBM and are deemed to be potent targets. The gene discussed is PIK3CA; the disease is cancer.