EIF2AK3 and HIV-1 infection: To further examine altered ER physiology and ER-associated signaling pathways in response to METH exposure and HIV-1 infection, protein expression of the three UPR arms (ATF6, IRE1α, and PERK), along with their classical ER stress negative regulating binding partner, BiP, was determined using Simple Wes (Figures 3E–H).