In addition, it reduced iNOS, COX-2, and VEGF expression in colon cancer mice, with the decreased levels of β-catenin, IGF-1Rβ, p-GSK-3β and p-Akt, and enhanced expression of IGFBP-3 (Ravichandran et al., 2010). Here, PTGS2 is linked to malignant colon neoplasm.