The hypoxia, acidosis, and accumulated pro-angiogenic factors (represented by VEGF and Ang2) cooperatively promoted immunosuppressive TME with multi-mechanisms via recruiting immune-inhibiting cells and repressing the anti-tumor function of dendritic cells and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (Fukumura et al., 2018; Zhu et al., 2021b; Fousek et al., 2021). Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.