Some studies found urinary KIM-1, urinary NGAL, urinary IL-18, and urinary L-FABP are helpful to distinguish whether AKI is organic or functional damage in patients without cirrhosis (Sorof, 1994; Ichimura et al., 1998; Parikh et al., 2004; Barreto et al., 2014; Belcher et al., 2014; Puthumana et al., 2017; Hamdy et al., 2018; Jaques et al., 2019). Here, LCN2 is linked to acute kidney injury.