TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: We specifically addressed certain signaling pathways (Rho/ROCK, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α [HIF-1α], and transforming growth factor-β1 [TGF-β1]), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, all of which influence renal hypoxia, renal fibrosis, and renal function.