IRS1 and hyperlipidemia: Our previous studies have shown that FTZ effectively alleviates hyperglycemia and reduces hyperlipidemia by the regulation of cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1), cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (HMG-CoA), and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1-GLUT2) (21, 22).