TGFB1 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: Firstly, several studies have shown that the overexpression and activation of TGF-β1 in DCM induce cardiac fibrosis, which can be ameliorated by administration of telmisartan, empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, or cannabidiol, probably because they inhibit TGF-β signaling (36, 162–165).