ERN1 and central nervous system cancer: IRE1α can also modulate the expression of hypoxia-related genes in GBM (Minchenko et al., 2016), hypoxia-induced cell death (Romero-Ramirez et al., 2004; Minchenko, et al., 2020), and the neuroinflammation associated with gliomas through the secretion of interleukins and activation of NF-κB (Hu et al., 2006; Auf et al., 2010).