The development of oral premalignant lesions was shown to be associated with elevated levels of inflammatory Th1 cells, Type 1 CD8+ T cells (Tc1) secreting IFN-γ and Th17 cells compared with controls and HNSCC/OSCC-bearing mice, though the number of CD4+ regulatory T cells increased in HNSCC/OSCC-bearing mice (414). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.