A humanized mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) showed that CCL2+ and CCL17+ chemokines, which are part of the N2 signature, promote macrophage (F4/80+) and regulatory T (Treg) cell (FoxP3+) infiltration into the TME by activating the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways, which stimulate neovascularization, enhance growth and metastasis, and contribute to sorafenib (a kinase inhibitor drug) resistance (128). Here, CCL17 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.