IFNA1 and COVID-19: Reflecting a responsiveness to IFN signals, macrophages exhibited a pro-homeostatic M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype (135) helping to resolve inflammation in mild cases of COVID-19, whereas samples from critical COVID-19 patients had more M1 (proinflammatory) macrophages demonstrating an ATP-purinergic signaling inflammasome and increased levels of ATP in the bronchoalveolar lavage (136).