In the case of type 2 diabetes (T2D), gut microbial taxa can serve as a biomarker for disease diagnosis (10) and predicting remission (11), which interact with dietary constituents to modulate inflammation, affect gut permeability, glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and overall energy homeostasis, involving in the pathophysiology of T2D (12). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.