Although the association of CTCF binding site variants with ventricular arrhythmias in non-structural heart disease has not been reported, however, CTCF knockout has been reported to cause disorder in the expression of RYR2, KCND2/KCNQ1/SCN5A/CACNB1 and other genes in the ventricle, leads to heart failure, suggesting an association with ventricular arrhythmias (35, 36). This evidence concerns the gene CTCF and heart failure.