Patients with CCC were under adequate HF therapy in agreement with recent recommendations (17, 18), with all patients receiving either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (62%, n = 23) or angiotensin receptor blocker (38%, n = 14), and >80% being treated with beta blocker (83%, n = 31), as summarized in Table 1 (“medications”). This evidence concerns the gene ACE and hydrops fetalis.