ALPK3 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: It was first reported in pediatric cardiomyopathy that patients with biallelic truncating genetic variants in ALPK3 (ALPK3tv) displayed a phenotype of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in utero, at birth, or early childhood, and often evolved to an HCM phenotype over time (4, 5).