Western blot analysis revealed that JXD not only downregulated the expression of α-SMA, TGF-β1, collagen I, fibronectin protein, and the ratio of p-Smad2/Smad2 and p-Smad3/Smad3 but also upregulated the expression level of E-cadherin protein in the rat PF model (Figure 8). Here, SMAD2 is linked to pemphigus foliaceus.