TGFB1 and infection: The results indicated that topical application of D. dao could not only improve the healing of infection wounds by reducing the expression level of proinflammatory factors, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), but also increase angiogenesis by increasing the expression level of growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), thereby shortening healing time.