TNF and neoplasm: The GSEA analysis also showed that, ECM receptor interaction, epithelial mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis were significantly upregulated while oxidative phosphorylation, glutathione metabolism, TNF-αsignaling pathway and P53 pathway and were downregulated in the high-risk group, which were closely associated with tumorigenesis, tumor metabolism, and metastasis (Chasov et al., 2021).