MANF and ischemic stroke: MANF has been shown to protect against many types of cerebral injuries in in vivo disease models, including ischemic stroke (Airavaara et al., 2009, 2010; Yang et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2016; Matlik et al., 2018), hemorrhagic stroke (Xu et al., 2018; Li et al., 2019), traumatic brain injury (Li et al., 2018), and Parkinson’s disease (Voutilainen et al., 2009; Hao et al., 2017).