MANF and ischemic stroke: When exogenous MANF is administered into the brain via a viral vector or as a recombinant protein before or a few hours after stroke, it has neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke models (Airavaara et al., 2009, 2010; Yang et al., 2014; Matlik et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2016; Han et al., 2021).