Just as is consistently observed in AD, the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-8, IL-1RA and IL-18 and serum neurofilament light (NF-L) chain protein in patient CSF and blood serum, biomarkers for all-cause inflammatory neurodegeneration are significantly associated with COVID-19 severity, and patients with AD appear to be associated with more severe complications of COVID-19 including increased morbidity and mortality (Mao et al., 2020; Krey et al., 2021; Chung et al., 2022; Guasp et al., 2022; Zetterberg and Schott, 2022). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and Alzheimer disease.