Sickle cell anemia (also known as sickle cell disease, SCD) and β-thalassemia are two of the most common monogenic diseases [94], both caused by the mutation in the gene encoding the adult β-globin chain of hemoglobin (HBB, hemoglobin subunit beta), with high prevalence primarily found in South Asia, Middle East, Mediterranean and North Africa [95], [96], [97], [98]. Here, HBB is linked to sickle cell disease.