PTEN and hepatocellular carcinoma: showed that PSMD4 can regulate the level of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α through the PTEN/Akt signaling pathway, thereby promoting the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (Jiang et al., 2019); PSMD4 can inhibit endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress–induced cells apoptosis, advertising the development of esophageal cancer (Ma et al., 2019); in addition, Xu et al.