Third, NSs can also inhibit pattern recognition receptor RIG-I–induced anti-virus type I IFN response via the specific capture of tripartite motif 25 into the viral inclusion bodies, followed by the subsequent suppression of tripartite motif 25–mediated RIG-I–Lys-63–linked ubiquitination and activation at the initial stage of viral infection, leading to the blocked downstream anti-virus signals (Min et al., 2020) (Figure 1A). Here, RIGI is linked to viral infectious disease.