ETFA and melanoma: There have been early reports on the use of the GM3 : GD3 ratio as an indicator for early diagnosis of melanoma and dynamic observation of efficacy [68], indicating that it is feasible to use ganglioside GM2 as a clinical diagnosis; therefore, in this study, it was found that the content of ganglioside GA2 (also called ganglioside GM2, GM2) was reduced (Table 4), and the ability to inhibit cell growth was weakened, leading to the occurrence of ESCC.