Regarding the mechanism underlying the enhanced adhesive ability of ESCs, it has been proposed that inhibition of PTGIS reduces stat3 activation in human breast cancer cells53, that PTGIS regulates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in macrophages43 and that PTGIR regulates the PKA/CREB and PI3K-γ/PKC-ζ/TRB3/AKT pathways in diabetes54. This evidence concerns the gene PTGIR and breast carcinoma.