They further elucidated that TGR5 activated by DCA reduced inflammatory responses and ameliorated cardiac dysfunction after MI.[55] Another study showed that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) could improve peripheral blood flow and liver function in patients with chronic heart failure.[56] Due to the low FXR expression, which is hardly detectable by western blotting, the injected MSC could not respond to bile acid signals in the microenvironment. This evidence concerns the gene NR1H4 and congestive heart failure.