GPBAR1 and congestive heart failure: They further elucidated that TGR5 activated by DCA reduced inflammatory responses and ameliorated cardiac dysfunction after MI.[55] Another study showed that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) could improve peripheral blood flow and liver function in patients with chronic heart failure.[56] Due to the low FXR expression, which is hardly detectable by western blotting, the injected MSC could not respond to bile acid signals in the microenvironment.