These biomarkers included calponin-3 or CNN3 (marker for colorectal cancer), dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycosyltransferase subunit 2 or RPN2 (which inhibits autophagy and upregulates MMP9 expression), branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 or BCAT1 (which promotes hepatocellular carcinoma and chemoresistance), ski interacting protein or SKIP, epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 oncogene or ECT2 (overexpressed in different cancers including non-small cell lung cancer), and elastin microfibril interfacer 2 or EMILIN2 (which promotes angiogenesis and inflammation)48–53. This evidence concerns the gene RPN2 and hepatocellular carcinoma.