To further support the antigen-specific cytotoxic potential of peripheral CD8 + T cells elicited by photoimmunotherapy plus anti-PD-1 treatment, splenocytes from CT26-EphA2 tumor bearing mice were harvested from the various treatment groups, expanded in the presence of the antigen AH1, which is expressed by CT26 cells, and then co-cultured with CT26 cells at effector:target ratios ranging from 100:1 to 11:1. Here, DDX53 is linked to neoplasm.