TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: The translational importance of these findings is supported by studies utilizing IBD patient colonic biopsy supernatants or IBS patient PBMCs, which have confirmed the essential contribution of TNFα to the respective sensitization of DRG neurons or colonic afferents using tissue from TNFR1–/– mice or pre‐treatment with the anti‐TNFα monoclonal antibody infliximab (Hughes et al., 2013; Ibeakanma & Vanner, 2010).