In this study, the evaluation of the differential expression profiles of miRNAs in the bone marrow among leukemia patients exhibiting high and low marrow sHLA-G levels envisaged the identification of new regulators of HLA-G that may play a role in cancer immunosurveillance (Castelli et al., 2014; Lin and Yan, 2018; Aguagué et al., 2011; Paul et al., 1998). The gene discussed is HLA-G; the disease is cancer.