Although many reviews have discussed the cellular immune responses against the different forms of leishmaniasis (Pitta et al., 2009; Hu et al., 2010; Gonzalez-Lombana et al., 2013; Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque et al., 2017; Banerjee et al., 2018) and the roles of Th17/IL-17 in infectious and non-infectious diseases, their role in the immunopathogenesis of leishmaniasis remains unclear (Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and leishmaniasis.