Some studies (Vargas-Inchaustegui et al., 2008; Boaventura et al., 2010, Castilho et al., 2010; Katara et al., 2012; Gonzalez-Lombana et al., 2013; Katara et al., 2013; Bartlett and Million, 2015; Banerjee et al., 2018) have suggested that high levels of IL-17 may play an important pro-inflammatory role in leishmaniasis development and as such should be considered an important target for the disease immunotherapy. The gene discussed is IL17A; the disease is leishmaniasis.