TNF and COVID-19: In an analysis of cytokine-responsive gene sets, one author (Lee et al., 2020) found a significant TNF/IL-1β inflammatory response in lung tissue and that the severity of COVID-19 disease was accompanied by a TNF/IL-1β response.IL-6 is a family of cytokines involved in immune cell differentiation and activation (Sun et al., 2020), and the latest il-6 inhibitor pertuzumab has the potential to treat COVID-19 (Gu et al., 2020) (Figure 2).