CXCL12 and Huntington disease: We observed elevated adhesion of immune cells in HD180 iBMEC microvessels and increased abundance of innate immune activation transcripts (IL4R, CCR1, CXCR4, IL17RD, CXCL12) despite the lack of external inflammatory stimuli, whereas key initiators and mediators of innate immune activation were upregulated in brain endothelial cells from HD postmortem tissue [34].