Compared with the other patients, those with abnormal ABI or highest baPWV quartile were older, women, and had longer duration of diabetes, higher HbA1c level, and higher proportions of oral hypoglycemic drug plus insulin use, hypertension, stroke, coronary artery disease, peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, hypertension medication use, and cardiovascular medications use. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.