EDN1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Another mechanism involves the increased production of endothelin-1, along with hyperactivation of the RAS increasing oxidative stress, which has been known to promote SLE hypertension (Kuryliszyn-Moskal et al., 2008; Mathis et al., 2012; Shah et al., 2014; Munguia-Realpozo et al., 2019).