NFKB1 and Cognitive impairment: Trigonelline is also a plant alkaloid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, which could reduce LPS-induced cognitive impairment and inflammatory response by regulating NF-κB/Toll like receptor 4 and acetylcholinesterase activity (Chowdhury et al., 2018; Khalili et al., 2018).