MMP9 and hepatocellular carcinoma: To explore the underlying mechanism of MG-mediated inhibition of migration and invasion of HCC cells, BEL-7402 cells were treated with different concentrations of MG (40, 80, and 160 μM) for 48 h, and the protein expression levels of AMPK, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, MMP9, MMP2, TIMP-2, E-cadherin, and vimentin were quantified (Figure 3).