NFKB1 and neoplasm: Studies have shown that SM can exert anti-tumor effects (Figure 1A) by up-regulating the expression of TNF-α1 and TNF-α2 and activating caspase-3 to cause tumor cells apoptosis (12, 13); it can exert potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB/p65 pathway and inhibiting the expression of COX-2 (14, 15).