TUG1 and asthma: TUG1, serving as the molecular sponge of miR-138-5p, miR-590-5p, miR-216a-3p, and miR-181b, has been confirmed to be involved in ASMC proliferation and migration in human asthma by modulating E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3), fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), Smurf2 and HMGB1, respectively (Lin et al., 2019a; Huang et al., 2021; Wang and Chen, 2021; Zhou et al., 2021).