Quantitative evaluation using the Modified Thompson grading scheme demonstrated slight differences in the distribution (Figure 9C) of lumbar NP scores, where no STING-/- discs scored a 3 or 4, and in caudal AF scores, for which distribution deviations did not consistently demonstrate improved or worsened disc health, as STING-/-discs had higher proportions of grades 1 and 4. Here, STING1 is linked to atrial fibrillation.