- Anti-obesity, insulin sensitizer, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation (↓body weight;↓epididymal WAT weight;↑serum adiponectin, ↓serum leptin, TC, TG, FFA, ALT, AST; ↓serum glucose in GTT and ITT; ↓serum IL-6, TNFa, IL-1b, CRP, MCP-1; ↑liver GSH, SOD, CAT, T-AOC, GSH-Px; ↓liver TBARS) in HFD-mice (1.25 mg/kg bw, p.o., 12 weeks). Here, TNF is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.