In a similar experimental paradigm as was used for 5xFAD mice (Fig. 4a), primary neurons from TgF344-AD rats exposed to Aβ and apoE4 formed robust intracellular and extracellular Aβ pathology that was accompanied by pTau neuropathology by 14 dpe, which included intracellular puncta, axonal blebbing, and neuropil thread-like structures (Additional file 10). Here, APOE is linked to Alzheimer disease.