For cell lines with a high co-dependency for SHOC2 and either one of HRAS, KRAS or NRAS (chronos score <−0.75), 71% harboured Q61, G13 or G12 hotspot mutations (24 out of 34 cell lines) (Fig. 3c, Extended Data Fig. 8f and Supplementary Table 1), indicating that the tumour cell growth is driven by mutant HRAS, KRAS or NRAS, and SHOC2 knockout can phenocopy loss of the mutant RAS in these cell lines. Here, HRAS is linked to neoplasm.