Notably, adjunct administrations of ZOL/IL2 in Group-2 macaques promoted an earlier increase in numbers of airway CD4+ Th1 cells and CD8+ Th1-like effector cells capable of producing the anti-TB cytokine IFN-γ in BAL fluid at weeks 3 after infection, and sustained the increase in them at week 14 thereafter, when compared to saline control Group-4 (left panels in both Figure 4(C,D)). Here, CD4 is linked to tuberculosis.