Therefore, we evaluated the antioxidant capacity of the ALF model 24 h after the infection of F. nucleatum. As showed in Fig. 4a, b, the level of ROS stimulated in ALF model was significantly enhanced by F. nucleatum. Compared to the control group, the activities of malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased with the intervention of F. nucleatum, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) were opposite, indicating that the antioxidant activity was decreased (Fig. 4c-e). The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is infection.