PARP1 and infection: Indeed, after infection, we observed, with both siRNAs, a significant increase of caspase-9 (to about 1.5 fold ± 0.03 and 1.3 fold ± 0.04) and of 89 kDa PARP-1 fragment (to about 2.7fold ± 0.21 and 7.6fold ± 0.23) compared to infected scrambled cells, used as a control (Fig. 8A, B, D).