CASP1 and infection: To understand if in HeLa and in NSC-34 cells pyroptosis activation occurs by the classical or by non-canonical pathways after infection, we also analyzed caspase-1 cleavage and GASDMD expression in both cell lines, and cleavage of caspase-4 and caspase-11, respectively in human HeLa and mouse NSC34 cells (Figs. 9A and 10A).